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Words of Double Meaning

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September 20, 2006, 06:34
wordcrafter
Words of Double Meaning
This week we'll look at words that have two very different meanings, and I hope the comparison and contrast will make you smile. Let's start with a word that also fits last week's theme of vibrant verbs.

confabulate – [akin to fable]
1. to converse casually together; to chat
2. Psychology: to fill in gaps in one's memory with fabrications that one believes to be factsBonus word:
dowager
– a widow of high social rank who has a title and property because of her marriage
September 20, 2006, 21:28
goofy
The first meaning is from the 17th century, from the noun confabulation from the late 15th. My Oxford Etymological dictionary doesn't have the second meaning. I wonder how it arose.
September 21, 2006, 06:28
wordcrafter
talus¹ (plural taluses) – a sloping mass of loose rock at the foot of a cliff (also, a like slope of an earthwork or tapering wall)talus² (plural tali) – the anklebone [also called the astragalus]
Today's two meanings come from separate roots, so they are technically separate words with identical spelling and pronunciation.
September 21, 2006, 06:47
pearce
quote:
Originally posted by wordcrafter:.


Confusing. I think that talus (astragalus) the ankle bone which does slope down on its dorsal aspect is directly derived from talus, the slope of a stone or cliff. Thus two meanings, but possibly one common root.
The OED gives its etymology as :

[a. F. talus (16th c.), in Dict. Acad. 1696 talut, OF. (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) talu slope:late pop. L. *tlt-um, deriv. of tlus ankle (taken in sense of F. talon heel): cf. next.]

1. A slope; spec. in Fortification, the sloping side of a wall or earthwork, which gradually increases in thickness from above downwards.
September 21, 2006, 06:55
pearce
quote:
Originally posted by gooofy:
The first meaning is from the 17th century, from the noun confabulation from the late 15th. My Oxford Etymological dictionary doesn't have the second meaning. I wonder how it arose.

1. Confabulate, to converse or chat surely just illustrates that (without reference to gender Wink ) people often exaggerate or make up stories (fables) in order to enliven their chatter.

2. Confabulation is characteristic of organic syndromes with memory impairment called the dysmnesic syndromes. The classic example is so-called Korsakoff's psychosis seen after alcoholism, injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage of the brain. Afflicted patients make up stories or information (fables) because they are aware of the gaps in their memory: hence confabulate.
September 21, 2006, 07:16
Robert Arvanitis
Not sure that talus1 is in fact independent from talus2.

talus (1) "anklebone," 1693, from L. talus "ankle, anklebone, knucklebone" (pl. tali), related to L. taxillus "a small die, cube" (they originally were made from the knucklebones of animals).

talus(2)
"slope," 1645, from Fr. talus (16c.), from O.Fr. talu "slope" (12c.), probably from Gallo-Romance *talutum, from L. talutium "a slope or outcrop of rock debris," possibly of Celtic origin (cf. Breton tal "forehead, brow"). OED, however, suggests derivation from root of talus (1) in the sense of "heel" which developed in its Romanic descendants. Mainly used of military earthwork at first; meaning "sloping mass of rocky fragments that has fallen from a cliff" is first recorded 1830.


RJA
September 21, 2006, 11:53
goofy
I'm not sure we should take etymology as a guide as to whether talus1 and talus2 are separate words. I think the fact that they have different plural forms tells us that they are two different words.
September 21, 2006, 18:50
<Asa Lovejoy>
Then there's Ralph Vaughn Williams's's's one and only foray (not to be confused with Faurè, of course) into rock music, Fantasia on A Theme of Thomas Talus. It was favourably reviewed by that famous heel, Cal Canius.
September 22, 2006, 10:42
arnie
quote:
Fantasia on A Theme of Thomas Talus
Hey! I object to my neighbour (a few years ago admittedly) having his name taken in vain. His name was Thomas Tallis! He's buried under St Alfege's, a church near me.

http://www.greenwich-guide.org.uk/stalfege.htm


Build a man a fire and he's warm for a day. Set a man on fire and he's warm for the rest of his life.
September 22, 2006, 11:52
Richard English
And my wife used to sing under RVW...


Richard English
September 22, 2006, 12:15
BobHale
quote:
Originally posted by Richard English:
And my wife used to sing under RVW...


As opposed, I presume, to someone singing under an RV...


"No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money." Samuel Johnson.
September 22, 2006, 13:08
wordcrafter
vamp1. the upper front part of a shoe or boot 2. [abbreviation of vampire] a woman who uses sexual attraction to exploit men (verb: to so use)
September 22, 2006, 18:49
<Asa Lovejoy>
quote:
Originally posted by arnie:
quote:
Fantasia on A Theme of Thomas Talus
Hey! I object to my neighbour (a few years ago admittedly) having his name taken in vain. His name was Thomas Tallis! He's buried under St Alfege's, a church near me.


Uhhh, arnie, that was supposed to be a pun. Did I hit on something sacrosanct, or wonder of wonders - did you REALLY think I didn't know any better!?!? Barbarian American I am, but I own the above mentioned recording! Smile

Thanks for the Tallis link! Neat!

BTW, it uses the expression, "...hold him TO ransom." Over here we'd say "for" rather than "to." Another difference!
September 22, 2006, 21:03
neveu
quote:
vamp – 1. the upper front part of a shoe or boot 2. [abbreviation of vampire] a woman who uses sexual attraction to exploit men (verb: to so use)

In jazz vamp refers to a short repeating sequence of chords.
September 22, 2006, 23:55
arnie
quote:
Uhhh, arnie, that was supposed to be a pun.
I realise that. Wink

It just seemed a good chance to get Thomas Tallis's name mentioned. He's not appreciated nowadays, and, as I said, he was a neighbour of mine.


Build a man a fire and he's warm for a day. Set a man on fire and he's warm for the rest of his life.
September 23, 2006, 06:43
<Asa Lovejoy>
So if the stones used to cover his tomb had originally been rubble, they could be Thomas's talus. Roll Eyes
September 23, 2006, 14:26
wordcrafter
slough1. a swamp or mire 2. a situation of lack of progress or activity
[rhymes with 'bough' or, in the US, with 'glue']slough – [rhymes with 'rough'] to cast off or shed skin or other outer layer; the item so shed [also fig., as in quote]
September 23, 2006, 14:31
wordcrafter
slough1. a swamp or mire 2. a situation of lack of progress or activity
[rhymes with 'bough' or, in the US, with 'glue'][list]Our electioneering racers have started for the pr
September 24, 2006, 01:43
Richard English
Slough is the name of a rather boring town west of London. It was made infamous by John Betjeman in 1937 with a famous poem that made the place seem even worse that it is. See it here http://www-cdr.stanford.edu/intuition/Slough.html

Slough was also the setting the the hit TV series "The Office" - now being aired in the USA - but with a US cast and location.


Richard English
September 24, 2006, 17:25
wordcrafter
tump (noun) – a hillock; or a clump of trees, shrubs, or grass, esp. in a dry spot in a bog tump (verb) – Southern US: to overturn, or to tip over
September 27, 2006, 04:15
wordmatic
quote:
It just seemed a good chance to get Thomas Tallis's name mentioned. He's not appreciated nowadays, and, as I said, he was a neighbour of mine.


And a dead neighbor (16th century!) at that. I'm sure the two of you were very close!

Tallis, not to be confused with the prayer shawl tallis.

Wordmatic
September 27, 2006, 06:31
<Asa Lovejoy>
Yet Tallis' compositions were almost all liturgical, so maybe his name and the prayer shawl had a connexion.
October 01, 2006, 08:20
wordcrafter
We have already seen one definition of today's word.

mead – a meadow
mead – an alcoholic drink of fermented honey and water
October 02, 2006, 06:25
wordcrafter
isinglass – 1. a gelatin obtained from fish; previously used to clarify wineisinglass – 2. chiefly US: mica in thin transparent sheets, a heat-resistant substitute for glassBonus word: bung – the plug for a hole in a barrel, etc. verb to close with a bung
October 02, 2006, 07:19
BobHale
I thought it was one of the towers in Lord of the Rings. Confused


"No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money." Samuel Johnson.
October 02, 2006, 11:53
Duncan Howell
quote:

    Small-volume luxury food [to Greenland] probably included honey to ferment into mead, plus salt as a preservative.
    – Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed


If Mr. Diamond is refering to historical matters here, I doubt that salt would have been either small-volume or a luxury item. I expect that it would have been an essential, everyday commodity used in substantial quantities for curing salt codfish.
October 03, 2006, 00:44
neveu
quote:
If Mr. Diamond is refering to historical matters here, I doubt that salt would have been either small-volume or a luxury item. I expect that it would have been an essential, everyday commodity used in substantial quantities for curing salt codfish.

I think one of the arguments of the book was that the Greenland settlements behaved as though they were in northern Europe and farmed and raised animals accordingly; they didn't fish. From the New Yorker review:
quote:
The Inuit survived long after the Norse died out, and the Norse had all kinds of advantages, including a more diverse food supply, iron tools, and ready access to Europe. The problem was that the Norse simply couldn’t adapt to the country’s changing environmental conditions. Diamond writes, for instance, of the fact that nobody can find fish remains in Norse archeological sites. One scientist sifted through tons of debris from the Vatnahverfi farm and found only three fish bones; another researcher analyzed thirty-five thousand bones from the garbage of another Norse farm and found two fish bones. How can this be? Greenland is a fisherman’s dream: Diamond describes running into a Danish tourist in Greenland who had just caught two Arctic char in a shallow pool with her bare hands. “Every archaeologist who comes to excavate in Greenland . . . starts out with his or her own idea about where all those missing fish bones might be hiding,” he writes. “Could the Norse have strictly confined their munching on fish to within a few feet of the shoreline, at sites now underwater because of land subsidence? Could they have faithfully saved all their fish bones for fertilizer, fuel, or feeding to cows?” It seems unlikely. There are no fish bones in Norse archeological remains, Diamond concludes, for the simple reason that the Norse didn’t eat fish. For one reason or another, they had a cultural taboo against it.